The Hidden Danger in the Skies: Why Birds Approach Aircraft and How Airports Prevent Deadly Collisions

Air travel is one of the safest forms of transportation, thanks to rigorous safety standards and continuous technological advancements. Yet one natural hazard continues to challenge the aviation industry worldwide: bird strikes. Every year, thousands of birds collide with aircraft during takeoff, landing, or low-altitude flight, posing risks to both wildlife and aviation safety.

Although most bird strikes result in only minor damage, some have led to serious incidents, making bird management a critical part of airport operations. Understanding why birds are attracted to areas around airports—and how aviation professionals minimize these encounters—offers valuable insight into one of the industry’s lesser-known safety efforts.

What Is a Bird Strike?

A bird strike occurs when a bird collides with an aircraft. These incidents most commonly happen:

• During takeoff
• During landing
• At altitudes below 3,000 feet (about 900 meters)
• Near airports, where bird activity is typically greatest

While collisions with small birds often cause limited damage, larger birds or flocks can pose a more significant threat, especially if they are ingested into aircraft engines or impact critical parts such as the windshield or wings.

Why Do Birds Fly Near Aircraft?

Contrary to popular belief, birds are not attracted to airplanes themselves. Instead, they are drawn to the environments surrounding airports.

Several factors explain why birds are commonly found near airfields.

Open Grasslands

Many airports maintain large grassy areas around runways to improve visibility and safety. These open spaces can attract birds searching for insects, seeds, or small animals.

Water Sources

Nearby lakes, ponds, drainage systems, or wetlands may provide food and nesting opportunities for waterfowl and other bird species.

Food Availability

Improperly managed waste, agricultural land near airports, or abundant insects can create feeding grounds that attract birds.